Paper · P03

Practical quantum tokens without quantum memories and experimental tests

Title from docs/planning/QMINT_MASTER_RESEARCH_PLAN.md section 16; not present in the matrix row.

Adrian Kent; David Lowndes; Damián Pitalúa-García; John Rarity · 2022-03-11 (npj Quantum Inf. 8, 28; received 2021-04-21, accepted 2022-01-11)

Status: FULL TEXT READLane A read the full text of the primary source.FULL_TEXT_READ (article HTML incl. TeX equations, PDF, Tables 1-6 pages, SI PDF MOESM1)
Game: S1 S2
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Source file: research/PRIOR_ART_MATRIX.csv

Precise theorem

Lemma 1 (eq.1): ideal IQT1/IQT2 eps_unf=(1/2+1/(2 sqrt2))^N. Lemma 2 (eqs 2-3) robustness; Lemma 3 (eqs 4-5) correctness; Lemma 4 (eq 6) eps_priv=beta_E; Theorem 1 (eqs 7-10) realistic unforgeability eps_unf = exp(-Pnoqub N/3 (nu_unf/Pnoqub-1)^2) + exp(-N f(...)); Theorem 2 (eq 11) 2^M presentation points, eps_unf^M = C eps_unf (C = number of pairs of spacelike-separated presentation points). Exact transcriptions in THEOREM_REGISTRY_SEED.yaml.

Citations

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-022-00524-4(opens in a new tab)

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Canonical linkcanonical_link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-022-00524-4
Authorsauthors: Adrian Kent; David Lowndes; Damián Pitalúa-García; John Rarity
Publication datepublication_date: 2022-03-11 (npj Quantum Inf. 8, 28; received 2021-04-21, accepted 2022-01-11)
Versionversion: Published version + Supplementary Information PDF (41534_2022_524_MOESM1_ESM.pdf). arXiv:2104.11717 v1 2021-04-23 ... v4 2022-04-07 (not diffed against journal).
Correction statuscorrection_status: No correction/change-history listed on article page (2026-10-11).
Input modelinput_model: Bob prepares N qubit (or >2-dim multi-photon) states; BB84 bases up to angle theta; preparation biases beta_PS, beta_PB; multi-photon probability Pnoqub; losses with Alice reporting Lambda; Table 5 imperfections; Table 6 assumptions A-G.
Verifier modelverifier_model: Two (2^M) presentation points; Bob's agent B_b validates locally if Hamming distance d(x_b,r_b) <= |Delta_b| gamma_err (QT1 step 12); abort if n < gamma_det N.
Adversary capabilitiesadversary_capabilities: Dishonest Alice: arbitrary quantum operations on received systems (only potential restriction via assumption G, phase randomisation). Dishonest Bob (privacy): side channels excluded by assumption E; detector symmetry assumption F.
Tested parameterstested_parameters: Experiment (QT1 quantum stage, M=1): mu=0.09, 10 MHz, N=4e7, eta=0.21, Pdet=0.019 (0.01856), E=0.058, beta_PB=2.4e-3, beta_PS=3.6e-3, Pnoqub=3.8e-3, theta<=10 deg (assumed). Fig.5 numerical example: eps_rob=eps_cor=eps_unf=1e-9, gamma_det=0.018, nu_unf=3.9e-3; beta_max=6e-6 at E=0.058,theta=10deg; ~2.3e-4 at theta=5deg,E=0.03. The experiment did NOT achieve guaranteed unforgeability.
Proof dependenciesproof_dependencies: Supplementary Notes II-VIII (Lemma 6, Lemma 7, Chernoff bounds, piling-up lemma); Lemma 5 extends Lemmas 1 & 12 of ref 53 (multi-photon attacks); flexible S-money of ref 28 (Kent & Pitalúa-García 2020, arXiv:1908.08143).
Datasetsdatasets: No raw data deposit identified on article page (NOT_VERIFIED that none exists).
Codecode: None identified.
Licenselicense: Article: CC BY 4.0 (stated on article page). SI PDF: same article licence assumed (NOT_VERIFIED separately). Patent: A. Kent, US 10,790,972 (competing-interests statement).
Limitationslimitations: Experiment covers quantum stage only; parameters insufficient for unforgeability; Table 6 assumptions are idealisations (authors say so); security does not rely on spacetime constraints but advantage over classical does; clock synchronisation left to future work.
What QMint addswhat_QMint_adds: Nothing new theoretically. QMint can (a) reproduce Lemmas 2-3/Theorem 1 numerically and the Fig.5 region (L1), (b) use them as the S2 bound inside a parameter search with explicit Table 6 assumption flags. Parameter selection in Fig.5 is hand-tuned by the authors ('we do not claim our numerical example is optimal'); an optimiser over the SAME bounds is the only plausible increment.
Access statusaccess_status: FULL_TEXT_READ (article HTML incl. TeX equations, PDF, Tables 1-6 pages, SI PDF MOESM1)
Qmint gameqmint_game: S1 (Lemma 1); S2 (Lemmas 2-4, Thm 1, Thm 2)

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