Paper · P04

Demonstration of quantum-digital payments

Title from docs/planning/QMINT_MASTER_RESEARCH_PLAN.md section 16; not present in the matrix row.

Peter Schiansky; Julia Kalb; Esther Sztatecsny; Marie-Christine Roehsner; Tobias Guggemos; Alessandro Trenti; Mathieu Bozzio; Philip Walther · 2023-06-29 (Nat. Commun. 14, 3849; received 2023-01-12, accepted 2023-06-15)

Status: FULL TEXT READLane A read the full text of the primary source.FULL_TEXT_READ (article HTML+PDF, correction HTML+PDF, SI MOESM1, peer-review file MOESM2 downloaded but only header read); Zenodo API records read; code archive inspected; data archives' central directories listed via HTTP range requests (not fully downloaded)
Game: D1
Anchor: —
Source file: research/PRIOR_ART_MATRIX.csv

Precise theorem

No numbered theorem. SI Note 3: N=1 SDP eq.(14) minimising adversary error e at declared loss l; asymptotic boundary eq.(16)-(18) M(e,l)=(4+2 sqrt2) e + l <= (1/2)(1-p_m/2); finite-N Chernoff estimates eqs.(19)-(23); reported p_d=5.911e-45 at N~4.2e6 (sub-token, per cryptogram bit), MAC forgery p_t=1/sqrt|C|.

Citations

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39519-w(opens in a new tab)

Record

Every field of the source record, in file order.

Canonical linkcanonical_link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39519-w
Authorsauthors: Peter Schiansky; Julia Kalb; Esther Sztatecsny; Marie-Christine Roehsner; Tobias Guggemos; Alessandro Trenti; Mathieu Bozzio; Philip Walther
Publication datepublication_date: 2023-06-29 (Nat. Commun. 14, 3849; received 2023-01-12, accepted 2023-06-15)
Versionversion: Corrected version of record (after 2023-08-21 correction) read 2026-10-11. arXiv:2305.14504 v1 2023-05-23, v2 2024-01-08 (not diffed).
Correction statuscorrection_status: Author Correction 2023-08-21, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40866-x (Nat. Commun. 14:5059): replaces one Discussion sentence about unbounded number of purchases (MAC key growth). No numbers, equations or figures changed. See research/CORRECTIONS.md.
Input modelinput_model: SPDC heralded entangled source; TTP measures one photon in H/V or D/A creating (b,B); other photon sent over 641 m fibre; multiphoton p_m; Fock-diagonal (no photon-number coherence) assumption.
Verifier modelverifier_model: TTP (bank) verifies cryptogram kappa_i against (b,B) and m_i=MAC(C,M_i) with tolerated errors/losses; merchant forwards to TTP (online bank verification - not offline local validation).
Adversary capabilitiesadversary_capabilities: Malicious client/merchant/third party; arbitrary CPTP map on token (N=1 SDP); untrusted quantum and classical channels except initial client-TTP key setup; TTP honest. Coherent attacks across N addressed only by a de Finetti argument stated qualitatively (SI Note 3B).
Tested parameterstested_parameters: Errors 1.4491+-0.0083% (H/V), 3.278+-0.013% (+/-); losses l_m=22.4+-1.5%; p_m 6.76+-0.12% (main text) vs 6.02+-0.28% (SI Table 2); e*(l_m)=3.79+-0.22% (main) vs 3.82+-0.22% (SI); N=4.2e6 (main/Fig.4) vs 4 482 440+-1600 (SI Table 2); delta_h=0.031, delta_d=0.01, p_d=5.911+-0.088e-45; g2h(0)=0.03010(14).
Proof dependenciesproof_dependencies: SDP duality; Choi; Chernoff-Hoeffding (SI eqs 7-8); exponential de Finetti (SI ref 15); i.t.-secure MAC (Wegman-Carter style, SI Note 2D).
Datasetsdatasets: Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.7979319 (cited v1, 153,143,236 B) - newer version 10.5281/zenodo.7997998 exists (290,067,249 B; adds tagfile_example/). CC BY 4.0 in Zenodo metadata; archive contains LICENSE_CC_BY.
Codecode: Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.8020667 (Archiv.zip 24,642 B, md5 efae565e...): acquisition/coincidence scripts only; NO SDP or security-analysis code; file LICENSE_AGPLv3 inside archive conflicts with Zenodo metadata 'cc-by-4.0'; imports a missing module find_start_alt; requirements.txt referenced but absent.
Licenselicense: Article CC BY 4.0. Data CC BY 4.0. Code: Zenodo metadata CC BY 4.0 but bundled LICENSE_AGPLv3 -> treat as AGPL-3.0 (most restrictive) until clarified. Patent application EP 23168897.9 (University of Vienna) per competing interests.
Limitationslimitations: Online provider verification (not instant local validation); verification delay tens of minutes; finite-N treatment via Chernoff on combined 'mishaps'; numbers inconsistent between main text and SI; experiment uses two merchants only.
What QMint addswhat_QMint_adds: Independent re-derivation of the N=1 SDP and recomputation of Fig.4/SI Table 2 from the deposited timetags (L1). Any QMint optimisation of N/delta trade-offs for D1 must cite this paper as the source of the bound and show improvement against its published tuple.
Access statusaccess_status: FULL_TEXT_READ (article HTML+PDF, correction HTML+PDF, SI MOESM1, peer-review file MOESM2 downloaded but only header read); Zenodo API records read; code archive inspected; data archives' central directories listed via HTTP range requests (not fully downloaded)
Qmint gameqmint_game: D1

Citations

Record

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